Screaming belt after switching out the alternator

Spin the new alt by hand. Is it hard to turn? .

I would buy a new belt.

My guess is you have a bad water pump.

Used junk yard belt. Come on, now.

..are you pegging the ammeter?

ALL OF the above

With the belt on and what you thing is "tight" can you slip the fan pulley or the alternator pulley by hand? If so, the belt is slipping. Maybe you are at the end of the adjustment slot and just THINK the belt is tight

If you have something wrong in the charging system it might be overcharging, or maybe the battery is simply just that dead

There is not much there to get excited about. You just have to go through everything logically and eliminate one at a time.