Battery fried and more
sounds like it could have been a shorted Diode
No this would have been a shorted brush. This is EXTREMELY important to understand because if you are unlucky enough to get the blue field wire (switched 12V) hooked to the shorted brush, you can burn up the harness
I've seen at least a couple of so called "rebuilts" come this way right out of the box. Part of the problem comes from garbage rebuilders. They take the older grounded brush "roundback" (69 / earlier) and "convert" them to isolated brush by drilling a second hole and installing a C.S. brush holder. That in itself is bad enough, along with the brush holders can break, be incorrectly installed or have insulating washers missing, but in addition, these so called "converted" early units can inadvertantly have the grounded brush installed
On the left appears to be a fairly rare piece. This is a roundback that appears to have a factory grounded brush (9 o'clock) and a place for an insulated brush at 3 o'clock which is not installed
Below, is a P.O.S., C.S, smelly, garbage, so called "rebuilders special." This is an early alternator which some off breed, 3rd world rebuilder has drilled the case at 12 o'clock so they could mount an insulated brush and sell this for a 70 / later application. This would be OK except for a whole crapload of good reasons
1....The 69 / earlier units are inferior, outputting less power at lower RPM
2....These modified, drilled brush holders are shakey at best and really shakey at worst
3....These brushholders allow someone to inadvertantly install a grounded brush holder (as this one has at 6 o'clock) ALONG WITH an insulated holder, WHICH WILL CAUSE the problem the OP had in this thread unless the field wires are swapped, in which case you have smokage, burnage, and failage