Wheel Studs and Spacers
since the stud sticking out of a nut won`t increase strength, I`d be happy w/ a full nut of threads, any shorter and you will not be at full strength. JMO
This isn't true. You don't necessarily need the nut to be completely full of threads to reach full strength.
Fastenal has a really great page on thread design (
click here for link), so rather than start pulling out my engineering books and formula's I'm just going to quote them. The bit on thread strength is at the bottom of the page.
For carbon steel fasteners (including tapped holes) the length of engagement would be limited to approximately one nominal diameter (approximately 1-1/2 times the diameter for aluminum). After that, there is no appreciable increase in strength. Once the applied load has exceeded the first thread's capacity, it will fail and subsequently cause the remaining threads to fail in succession.
So, on a 1/2-20 stud like the BBP wheel studs, you only need ~1/2" of engagement for full strength. Depending on the nut, that may not be anything close to having all the threads filled. That's a generalization too, if you break out the formula's and 1/2" fastener data (
calculator here) you end up getting ~.44" for minimum engagement on a 1/2-20 bolt, which is actually like 8.7 turns. That's more than the "rule of thumb" for lug nuts that says 5-7 turns, but keep in mine that the "rule of thumb" doesn't take into account diameter or thread pitch, it would be fewer turns for a 7/16"-20 lug nut (like the SBP studs).
Here's a graphic that depicts the break down for a 7/8"-9 nut. The numbers would be a little different for 1/2"-20 but you get the idea (and the idea of where the 5-7 turns "rule" comes from). In this example, at only 5 threads you're at 93% of your total strength.