Miles/gallon: Newer vs Older Cars

Better efficiency? You bet!
My '77 Ford F-250 SuperCab with a 460 got 8-10 mpg. It didn't matter if it was empty, carrying a 9.5-foot cabover camper, or pulling a 32' 5th-wheel. Uphill or downhill, city or freeway, it got 8-10 mpg.
The very best I ever got from the truck that followed the Ford, my '95 Dodge 2500 extended cab with a V-10 was 14 mpg on a drive from SoCal to Las Vegas where I did everything I could to maximize the mileage.
My current '09 Dodge 1500 Quad Cab with a 5.7 has given me a best of 25 mpg on the freeway at a steady 65mph. Driving around town it gives me a solid 14-16 mpg. And it will bust the rear tires loose any time I jump on it from a standing start and accelerate strong past 100mph.