The difference is not so much stud vs bolt.
Sure bolts may torque a little different between thread into cast iron vs a steel nut turning on top of tge cap. Not, enough to get excited about.
Here is the difference
When you tighten a 1/2" course thread is is 13 threads per inch. The stud is is course in the block. But, where the nut is actually pulling the stud is fi e thread. I think 18 threads per inch. Much more clamping power.