Stop in for a cup of coffee

Yes, there is a voltage drop when current flows through a resistance... The higher the resistance, the more the voltage drop....

However, you need some resistance in a circuit, or the power will try to flow full blast at once... I like to think of resistance as regulating the current flow so it doesn't all want to flow at once like a short...
Yes. That's a good way of thinking about it. I've taken the habit of trying to consider lamps and motor windings are all resistances.