340 Static Compression Numbers and Test Procedure

Theoretically it could be anywhere, but you will be most accurate a little before the crank reaches max throw and the vertical velocity of the piston is nearing zero. So you do it on the compression stroke, just before the piston reached the top, mark it, reverse, mark it, and then split the diff between the marks to get the real TDC. I guess you could mount a pointer and do it directly on the balancer but the degree wheel is easier IMO.
What gzig5 said. You really don't need a pointer or degree wheel. Use the zero mark on the timing cover and mark the balancer. If the TDC Mark is off remark it at the correct location and label it to prevent confusion later. I like to mark the front of the harmonic balancer from the outer ring across the rubber to the inner hub. That way I can tell if the outer ring slips on the hub. If that happens you need to replace it before the ring falls off.