I suppose it could, but I seriously doubt it.
The big difference between the two is the electric pushes fuel and the mechanical pulls it.
AND most any fuel pump manufacturer requires a filter before either type.
The mechanical diaphram type pumps have poor suction characteristics. Never place additional restrictions on the suction side if can be helped.
One filter on the tank pickup. That's the 'sock' which should be formed such that it holds its shape even under light suction. If it collapses it will kill flow. Seen it happen even with a breass screen in gravity fed sno-throw so you never know.
One in-line filter between the pump and the carb inlet(s). This should be a finer filter. Any decent replacement filter will work. Most use a paper media. If using a screen type then micron ratings and flow rates can be looked into. Otherwise don't worry about it.
The sintered metal filters won't hurt. Most are spring loaded allowing them to be bypassed if clogged or in the way of demand.
That said, I like just about everyone else who planned on going to the drag strip removed them.
Truth is, there's enough fuel in the bowls to just about carry a car to the 1/4 mile mark even with poor refill. Talking a 14 second car or slower. You can guess how I know this...