Holley stumble trouble

It’s my understanding that #1 position gives a longer duration of shot while #2 position starts off already into the fat part of the shot.
Not neccesarily. Duration is more the combination of shooter and pump size. But any generaliztion with pump shot is just that. The bend in the arm results in different contact points with different cams and positions.
Pump is mostly to cover when the throttles move rapidly open from closed and nearly closed positions.

To tune the carb plan on spending some time testing iteratively.
If you're super lucky, each test will be progressivly better. Reality is there will be some changes that make the problem worse.
Stuff is related together as 512Stroker wrote. Idle is the foundation. Steal from there is robbing from off-idle etc. Timing must match combustion conditions etc.