Dash Power Feed Confusion

Continuity checks. This is a method of figuring out what connects.
Disconnect the wires at the connectors of interest. Then measure for continuity from one terminal to where you think the other end of the wire connects.

Example.
Take an ohm meter or a continuity light.
Touch one probe or clamp to one of the brown wires.
Touch the other one to the alternator output terminal.
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If it shows continuity, then you've found the wire that connects to the alternator output.

Then knowing the other one probably connects to the main splice, see if the unknown black wire also connects to the main splice.
The second probe can clip on at the starter relay (shown) or better yet, one of the black wires going directly to the ammeter's post.

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If there is continuity, then the mystery wire somehow connects to the main splice.
If there is no continuity, then it doesn't.

PS. The data plate on the fender may clue in to what options the car came with. Also whether it was a Canadian build - which in some cases were different. If its a Canadian build, you may need the Canadian shop manual. So far what you have found looks more like the drawings for an earlier version.
The 18 ga yellow wire may be aftermarket or may be somehting like a clock option. That's where the clock was wired in '67-?