How much does temperature affect motor?

Let me also add under the heading of "general nonsense" that back in the day there were some carburetors that had what is called an "idle compensator". This is a thermostatic strip of metal (bends with change in temp) that had a wedge shaped valve at one end over a vacuum leak hole in the carb. When the carb heated up enough, the thing opened the "vacuum leak" and slightly leaned the thing out, as well as slightly increasing the idle speed

100_1029-1.jpg
(...........Shamelessly stolen from the www, misspellings and all.............)
Hot-idle Compensator Valve
High air temperature at carburettor inlet causes gasoline to evaporate rapidly, which intern-can produce highly rich idle mixture. In order to overcome this problem, many carburettors use
a hot idle compensator valve (Fig. 9.64), which is a thermostatic valve consisting of a bimetal spring, a bracket, and a small poppet. The compensator valve is usually located either in the carburettor barrel or in a chamber on the rear the of carburettor bowl. A dust cover is placed over the chamber. The hot-idle compensator valve is normally closed by spring tension and engine vacuum. As tempera-”~ ture rises, the bimetal strip bends. This uncovers an
auxiliary air passage, or air bleed, through which air enters the carburettor below the throttle plate. As this extra air mixes with excess fuel to lean out the idle mixture, it prevents stalling and rough idling. Once the carburettor temperature returns to normal, the compensator valve closes to shut off the extra air supply.
clip_image002_thumb.jpg
Fig. 9.64. Hot-idle compensator