340 Vs 360

Rpm doesn't have to be sky high taking a 360 peak hp from 4500 rpm to 5000 rpm is a good bump in power probably 50 ish hp same to 5500, 6000 and so on can build pretty good power under 6000 rpm.
Agreed.
Different engines are gonna like different cam timings port shape intake exhaust etc.. The differences in a engine that makes from ok to great lbs-ft per cid. Off the shelf parts are gonna respond slightly differently to each and it maybe generally in favor of larger engines but I'd careful from saying always or even near always.

I understand this concept of matching a top end to a specific cubic inch displacement, it seems very theoretical to me though.

I could understand how it might be applicable in perhaps an extreme rpm formula 1 engine at 20,000RPM where everyrting is voodoo to guys like me.

Not so much for a pushrod V8 that won't even see 8000RPM in either the bigger or smaller configuration.

In practice I'm not aware of nor have I ever witnessed any situation where increasing to a larger displacement bottom end configuration was detrimental to horsepower output.

If you know that this can indeed be the case, Would it be possible to provide me with an example?
That's basically what the factory did 170/198/225 318/340/360 350/361/383/400 383/413/426/440 each slightly more power than the one before keep peak hp rpm low
Precisely. It's far more economical to improve performance by increasing torque through larger displacement than it is to increase performance by developing the top end and valvetrain of a given displacement engine to carry it's torque into a higher RPM.

I still think any cylinder head thst makes good horsepower on a 340 will make a little more on a 360.
I hope one day go from 360 to 470

A 400 has a easier time than a 408, feeding high rpm high hp, but ya that's gonna be way up there, for the average not so much difference even a 273 bore is probably good for 400-425 hp without going with a super crazy build, so most bore 3.91 and up are big enough for what most people do.

Agreed, a 400 B engine has entirely different architecture to that of a 408 stroker small block and more horsepower potential.

Engine masters did an excellent test on a 383 mopar big block compared to a 383 chev small block and the small block got roasted, presumably coz big block the top end is intended to support 440ci+