Is this a thrust button and can it be removed?

Here we go again.

While I personally prefer to use tapered bearings, there’s nothing wrong with the green style bearings. There are two versions, and the earlier version is actually more problematic. @DoctorDiff covers this on his website

Why Green Bearings? - Quality Body Shop Drivetrain

Ultimately there are millions of cars on the road with green style bearings.

As for the E-body axles, they can’t be re-splined to A-body width. That’s because E body axles are not a continuous diameter from flange to spline, there’s an area that’s stepped down that then steps back up for the splines. If you shorten them to A body length it puts the splines in the stepped down section.

C-body and truck axles are what you need to have cut down and re-splined if that’s your goal. Or just buy new axles from DoctorDiff for not that much more money.
I agree with your statement regarding the E body axles. Had to learn first hand. Really cost me on shipping and the original price of axles.