Need help testing a 1975 valiant Instrument cluster

Not very accurately. You can apply a single 1 1 /2V cell to them, and I'll have to look up the expected deflection.

But you have some preventive work to do. Can you solder? Clean and inspect around the connector pins. Scrape around the base of the pins, scare up some ELECTRONIC compatible flux, and solder the pins to the traces. Clean and flux the brass IVR contacts and solder those to the traces. Loosen/ tighten/ loosen/tighten the gauge stud nuts to scrape oxidation off the traces and nuts and retighten

The best way to test them is "end to end" that is as if it is in the car. Identify the 12V to the IVR, apply a 12V battery to that and ground, and then take known resistances and ground each gauge sender through your test resistors. Here is an aftermarket gauge tester, that someone has edited in the resistor values.

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Couple of threads, do a search

https://www.forabodiesonly.com/mopar/threads/checking-gauge-function.466239/
https://www.forabodiesonly.com/mopar/threads/bench-testing-a-gauge-cluster.379879/