What is this?

That's your proportioning valve, and it ain't a Mopar unit. Probably Ford.
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Commonly used in aftermarket "fitzall" power brake kits, usually paired with a Ford or GM master cylinder and generic booster.
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it probably is original to the car if it's newer than '74, chrysler switched to this configuration for sure in 1976 (my '76 duster FSM shows it), likely in '75, I bought a GM style one off of amazon when I did my disc brake conversion, had to change one fitting on one master cyl line (to rear brakes), everything else fit perfectly location and thread wise.