Low charge to no charge issue pulling hair out

I just had to swap the battery out of my 67 Barracuda because it wouldn't restart after a long trip back home. There had been clues for a while although I didn't put it all together until it had insufficient juice to turn the starter.

After getting a jump start I brought the car to my garage, shut it it off and measured battery with the key on start.
Voltage dropped to 5. The battery is shot.
I put it on the little charger and after a few minutes it decided that the battery didn't need charging, just 'conditioning'.
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Sorry. This is wrong. The acid is probably cooked out or no longer exchanging ions or such. Can't complain - its from 2008.

Checking a different Optima that I hadn't traded in it, but was dying after about 4 years of use.
The charger correctly diagnosed this battery as low on charge. It also thinks the voltage is 11.4 but my multimeter says its lower than that.
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When doing a voltage check on a new battery 12.7 to 12.8 Volts is about what we'ld expect at 60 ot 70*F
I'd consider 12.5 to 12.6 as marginal.

But as discussed earlier, immediadely after charging there will be a surface charge. can't go by that. The surface charge voltage goes away slowly over time or quickly if a load is placed on the battery (such as turning on a light). It does not represent any significant amount of stored energy.


This photo essay with an old school charger shows how a voltage and current relate when charging