Do you have an oil pressure gauge? If the clatter quiets down at idle, and after you drive it you have clatter, it would indicate to me that you are loosing oil pressure to the lifters at higher engine speeds and they are pumping down. First thing you need to do is to put a good oil pressure gauge on the engine and see what it is doing. Your valvetrain clatters because of excess clearance, if you are idling the car and the valvetrain is quiet, and then you run it and it starts clattering then you have somehow introduced clearance on the valvetrain by driving it. If you then idle the car again and the valvetrain quiets down, there is little doubt that the only thing that can cause this is the hydraulic lifter. The hydraulic lifter is designed to keep the valvetrain at zero lash by taking up any clearance that there may be in the valvetrain. As soon as you have clearance you will have clatter. The lifter works with oil pressure, if you loose your oil pressure the lifter will no longer stay "pumped up" and you will end up with clearance on your valvetrain and have all that clattering noise. You really need to stop running that engine until you get a good oil pressure gauge on it. There could be a ton of things happening here, you could have your oil pump pickup too far from the bottom of the pan, excess clearances in your bearings, a bad oil pump. I know that the 302 Ford has a plug on the inside back of the block on the passages that feed the lifter galley, if that plug popped out you would have no oil pressure to the lifters, but I don't think that would be your issue as it seems that at idle you have enough oil pressure to the lifters.