Like Livewire said, your voltage limiter is goofed up. It didn't get plugged back in correctly. To test the cluster, you'll need a battery charger and a jumper wire. the cluster metal frame is the ground, or neg. side. Get some new bulbs and sockets for the missing ones, and it's easy to test the lights with a jumper wire. All the light sockets that share a pathway with a screw are the negative side. The opposite if the orange wire for the running light circuit.
For the gauges...If you put 12 v on the middle pin in the 2nd pic, with the voltage limiter plugged in corrrectly, you should have a "pulsed" 12v output on the next two to the right, or 5v average. If you briefly ground each of those two far right pins, the gauges should sweep to the maximum scale. Someone correct me if I'm wrong, I'm not sure what car the cluster is from.