Well,......
Here we go.
A broken off stud anywhere on an engine is always a pain.
Let's look at this one.
First I stuff a wad of masking tape inside the opening, clean the surface and cover it with tape.
Then I start with center punch, doing my best to get as dead center as possible.
Next, "Use A Center Drill", this is an important step.
While getting the pilot going you will have the opportunity to make small corrections as to how centered you are.
The "Very Best" penetrating oil is "KROIL" , just take my word for it.
It will creep between two "Gage Blocks that are rung together",
... yes, it will creep into a space of "One Millionth Of An Inch"
A few sharp raps on center of the broken stud is good to send some shock through it and make a little head way toward breaking up the relationship between the stud and the casting.
Then KROIL and soak.
It is always best to use Left Handed drills when possible, one problem with using standard right hand twist drills is they are rotating clockwise, thus can tighten the fastener further.
This happens in spades when you are "drilling up" from one drill size to another, this is when the drill has the tendency to "grab", this can "really" add torque to the fastener and sometimes can cause the drill to break off making things much worse.
It Is Critical To Use the Correct Extractor!
"Never Use The Taper Threaded Type!"
The first they do is dig in and spread the fastener making ht fit tighter still.
The next thing they do is "Snap Off!"
I am posting picture of the type that gives you the best chance of removing what's got you down.
Last I looked Sears Craftsman was still selling this type, as are others.
In the case this type can not budge the fastener, no harm, proceed with drilling, but avoid choosing too small of steps in drill size, that's when "grabbing" happens most often.
Know the size and pitch of the fastener you are dealing with.
Do not exceed the drill/tap size,
You may need to "pick" out the remaining threads with a pointed scribe.
Always run a tap through after a removal like this, no matter how good things look.
A Proto, KD, & STI
KROIL
KROIL has many products for automotive, marine, and aircraft.
Made here in the US, their products are the best available.
http://www.kanolabs.com/