The adjuster is part of the axle flange bearing retainer on the passenger (right) side axle, the part that the studs run thru. Its rather obvious when you look compare left and right.
Also as mentioned above make sure your thrust buttons are in place, check by shining a flashlight down the axle tube on both sides, should look like a brass button about 3/4-1 " diameter.
If you are still uncertain you can do some backyard mechanic measuring by using a tape measure. Measure from the axle housing flange to the thrust buttons on both sides,keep in mind the buttons move a little back and forth. Then measure the axles themselves from the end of the splines to the axle bearing retainer. This will give you a ball park idea of where they are, and if you really have something odd going on.
One other thing - was your diffferential rebuilt ? Is it a sure grip ? Was it rebuilt ? Sometimes the splines, (there are two per side), inside the differential on a suregrip can move a little causing an impossible axle installation. I suggest if this is the case - you can try turning the pinion with the axles installed as far as you can - and see if you can realign the splines inside the sure grip. Maintain moderate inboard hand pressure on the axle shaft while turning the pinion with a wrench, I had this happen to me, and this worked.
Good luck.