1. "Battery Power"
a. Black wires are sometimes grounds, but most of the time they are some sort of main feed.
b. When the battery is hooked up, all of these wires shown below are hot. Most are not protected by fuse or circuit breaker. Ground one of them down stream of the fusible link and with a bit of luck the link will melt before any more serious damage occurs.
Measure voltage at any one of them and it should be the same voltage as measured at the battery under the same conditions, especially with key off, lights off.
Ammeter is centered because there is no current flowing in or out of the battery.
When the key is held in start, current flows through the starter and ignition 2 wires. The ammeter will show this current as discharge.
Power through start wire S2 will turn the relay on connecting the brown S5 wire to the battery wire A1A. This in turn powers the solenoid in the starter.
The starter solenoid and starter require a lot of current. So much current they will temporarily draw battery voltage down to 10 or 11 Volts. If you measure only 11 Volts during cranking that's OK.
Use this diagram above as a pictorial to go with everything
@67Dart273 wrote above. Take your finger and follow along the circuits he describes.
2.
11 Volts across the battery
with the key off is a discharged battery. Check the acid level (if it has caps) and continue to charge or maybe its toast. Anyway it needs to be charged from a charger. If the engine starts with a low battery it will suck as much juice as it can from the alternator. You will see the ammeter swing to the upper end of the Charge range on the little meter. Its not marked in red for your year and model but it should be. Run that 20 minute break-in with that much current flowing and
at best the connections in the alternator to battery circuit will be melted. On some models the ammeter will also be heat damaged and on most so will the bulkhead connectors.
^^Don't let this be you^^
Last tip.
Bolt this up.
It gets hot and you don't want this shaking around after the engine starts. You'll get burned, It will get broken, Murphy will laugh his *ss off.
I can not over emphasize how important it is to route and support wires so the connections are not stressed or in a location to get pinched and grounded.